摘要
代词是用来代替名词或名词短语的词,以避免重复并使语言更简洁。英语代词分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、疑问代词、关系代词和不定代词等类别,其使用需注意人称、数、性和格的变化。
规则(Rule)
1. 人称代词(Personal Pronouns)
- 主格:用作主语(I, you, he, she, it, we, they)
- 宾格:用作宾语(me, you, him, her, it, us, them)
- 注意:主格与宾格不可混淆,例如“Me and him went”是错误的,应改为“He and I went”。
2. 物主代词(Possessive Pronouns)
- 形容词性:后接名词(my, your, his, her, its, our, their)
- 名词性:独立使用,不接名词(mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, theirs)
- 例如:This book is mine(名词性),而非 This book is my(错误)。
3. 反身代词(Reflexive Pronouns)
- 形式:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves
- 用法:当主语和宾语为同一人或物时使用,如“I taught myself English.”
4. 指示代词(Demonstrative Pronouns)
- this(近单数)/ these(近复数);that(远单数)/ those(远复数)
- 用于指代特定的人或物,注意单复数一致。
5. 关系代词(Relative Pronouns)
- who(指人,主格)、whom(指人,宾格)、which(指物)、that(指人或物)、whose(所有格)
- 引导定语从句,例如:The man who called you is my brother.
6. 不定代词(Indefinite Pronouns)
- 如:someone, anyone, everyone, nobody, something, anything, everything, nothing
- 通常视为单数,谓语动词用单数形式(如“Everyone is here”)。
7. 代词与先行词一致
- 代词必须与其所指代的名词在数、性、人称上保持一致。
- 例如:Every student must bring his or her own book.(避免性别歧视可用“their”)
例句(Examples)
-
She gave him a gift, but he forgot to thank her.
她给了他一份礼物,但他忘了感谢她。
(人称代词主格“She”和“he”作主语,宾格“him”和“her”作宾语) -
This is my pen, and that one is yours.
这是我的钢笔,那支是你的。
(指示代词“This”和“that”指代物品,名词性物主代词“yours”独立使用) -
The teacher who helped me is the one whom I respect most.
帮助我的那位老师是我最尊敬的人。
(关系代词“who”作主语指人,“whom”作宾语指人)