摘要
基数词表示数量(如 one, two, three),序数词表示顺序或排名(如 first, second, third)。两者在英语中的用法、拼写和句法功能有明确区别,掌握其规则有助于准确表达数字信息。
规则(Rule)
1. 基数词(Cardinal Numbers)
- 表示“多少个”,用于计数、年龄、电话号码、年份等。
- 基本形式:one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen, twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety, hundred, thousand, million, billion。
- 复合数字(21-99)需加连字符:twenty-one, thirty-two, ninety-nine。
- 百位以上用“and”连接:one hundred and twenty-three。
- 在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等:Three students are here.(三个学生在这里。)
2. 序数词(Ordinal Numbers)
- 表示“第几个”,用于日期、楼层、排名、顺序等。
- 基本形式:first (1st), second (2nd), third (3rd), fourth (4th), fifth (5th), sixth (6th), seventh (7th), eighth (8th), ninth (9th), tenth (10th), eleventh (11th), twelfth (12th), thirteenth (13th), fourteenth (14th), fifteenth (15th), sixteenth (16th), seventeenth (17th), eighteenth (18th), nineteenth (19th), twentieth (20th), thirtieth (30th), fortieth (40th), fiftieth (50th), sixtieth (60th), seventieth (70th), eightieth (80th), ninetieth (90th), hundredth (100th), thousandth (1000th)。
- 复合序数词仅最后一位变为序数:twenty-first (21st), thirty-second (32nd), one hundred and twenty-third (123rd)。
- 通常前面加定冠词“the”:the first day, the third floor。
- 在句中常作定语或表语:He is the second in line.(他是队伍中的第二个。)
3. 关键区别
- 基数词回答“How many?”,序数词回答“Which one in order?”
- 序数词常与“the”连用,基数词一般不加(除非特指)。
- 日期表达:美式用序数(March 1st),英式常用基数(March 1),但读作序数。
例句(Examples)
-
There are five apples on the table.
桌上有五个苹果。
(基数词 five 表示数量) -
She finished in second place in the race.
她在比赛中获得了第二名。
(序数词 second 表示排名顺序) -
My birthday is on the twenty-first of December.
我的生日是十二月二十一日。
(序数词 twenty-first 表示日期中的第几天)