In the third century, China was divided into three kingdoms: Wei in the north, Shu in the southwest, and Wu in the southeast. Shu was a relatively weak state. Its leader, Liu Bei, was actively seeking talented individuals to strengthen his kingdom. He learned of a wise and knowledgeable man named Zhuge Liang, who lived in seclusion in Longzhong (present-day Hubei province). Liu Bei decided to invite Zhuge Liang to serve as his chief advisor.
In 207 AD, Liu Bei, accompanied by his sworn brothers Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, traveled to Longzhong to seek Zhuge Liang's assistance. However, Zhuge Liang was not at home, and they returned disappointed.
They made a second visit later, but again failed to meet him, as Zhuge Liang had been traveling and had not yet returned. This time, Liu Bei left a note expressing his sincere invitation.
After some time, Liu Bei resolved to make a third attempt. Despite objections from Guan Yu and Zhang Fei, he persisted. On this visit, Zhuge Liang was at home but was asleep. Liu Bei respectfully waited by his bedside while his brothers waited outside. When Zhuge Liang awoke and saw Liu Bei's genuine sincerity, he was deeply moved. He agreed to Liu Bei's request and became his prime minister. With Zhuge Liang's brilliant counsel, Liu Bei expanded his territory and strengthened the Shu kingdom to rival its neighbors.
This story later gave rise to the idiom "Three Visits to the Cottage," used to describe inviting someone with utmost sincerity and earnestness.