English Original
Mahatma Gandhi, born in 1869, was a pivotal leader in India's struggle for independence from British rule. He pioneered the philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance, known as Satyagraha.
His activism began in South Africa (1893-1914), where he fought against racial discrimination faced by the Indian community. Returning to India in 1915, he led nationwide campaigns for civil rights, self-rule, and economic self-sufficiency. Key actions included non-cooperation, civil disobedience (such as the famous Salt March in 1930), and hunger strikes, leading to multiple imprisonments.
Gandhi also championed social reforms, advocating for the rights of the marginalized 'Untouchables' (whom he called Harijans) and promoting Hindu-Muslim unity. He lived a life of simplicity, emphasizing manual labor and self-reliance.
Despite his efforts, he could not prevent the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, which he strongly opposed. He was assassinated in 1948 by a Hindu extremist.
中文翻译
圣雄甘地（1869-1948）是印度脱离英国统治、争取独立斗争中的核心领袖。他开创并实践了非暴力抵抗的哲学与方法，即“萨提亚格拉哈”（坚持真理）。
他的 activism 始于南非（1893-1914），他在那里为当地印度社群遭受的种族歧视而斗争。1915年返回印度后，他领导了全国性的民权、自治和经济自给运动。关键行动包括不合作运动、公民不服从（如1930年著名的食盐进军）和绝食抗议，这导致他多次入狱。
甘地也倡导社会改革，为被边缘化的“贱民”（他称之为“神之子”）争取权利，并促进印度教徒与穆斯林之间的团结。他生活简朴，强调体力劳动和自力更生。
尽管他付出了努力，但仍未能阻止1947年印度和巴基斯坦的分治，他对此强烈反对。他于1948年被一名印度教极端分子刺杀。