English Original
Most people dream at night. Upon waking, they might wonder, "What a strange dream! What made me dream that?" Dreams can be frightening, fulfill wishes, or present a confusing, upside-down world. In dreams, we act and think in ways uncharacteristic of our waking selves. Why are dreams so strange and unfamiliar? Where do they come from?
Sigmund Freud offered a compelling answer. He proposed that dreams originate from a part of the mind we neither recognize nor control, which he named the unconscious mind.
Freud, born about a century ago, spent most of his life in Vienna, Austria, and died in London after WWII began. He explored the inner world of humans. The unconscious, he suggested, is like a deep well storing memories and feelings from birth, forgotten by our conscious mind. Unhappy or unusual experiences can trigger these memories, making us relive childhood emotions.
This discovery is key to understanding human behavior, as unconscious forces are as powerful as conscious ones. Sometimes we act without knowing why; the reasons may lie deep within our unconscious.
Freud's childhood concern for others' suffering led him to medicine. While he learned how the body works, his curiosity about the mind grew. He studied in Paris with Dr. Charcot. At the time, little was known about mental illness; it was often attributed to possession or divine punishment, and sufferers were isolated.
Doctors then focused on observable body parts, not thoughts or dreams. Few shared Freud's interest in how the mind works, though he learned much from Charcot.
Returning to Vienna in 1886, Freud specialized in nerve diseases. He married and saw many patients at home, mostly women who were anxious and "sick in mind." Medicine offered little help, and Freud, full of sympathy, felt powerless.
A breakthrough came when his friend, Dr. Josef Breuer, described treating a girl by letting her talk freely about herself, which improved her condition and revived childhood memories. Inspired, Freud adopted this method. He urged patients to discuss early childhood events and relationships, listening quietly as they trembled with relived emotions, sometimes seeing him as a parent or lover.
For instance, a young woman unable to drink, despite thirst, recalled under Freud's guidance a childhood memory of a dog drinking from her disliked nurse's glass. After sharing this repressed memory, her symptom vanished.
Freud called this the 'talking cure,' later known as psychoanalysis. Patients often felt better after speaking freely about their troubles.
His findings were sometimes shocking. He discovered that young children can have intense, ambivalent feelings—like a boy's love for his mother coupled with jealousy toward his father, causing deep shame. Such conflicting emotions fade into the unconscious and may resurface in troubled dreams.
Freud faced criticism for suggesting childhood experiences could cause symptoms like blindness or speech loss. Yet, many believed he had found a way to unlock the mind's secrets and help the miserable. He gained worldwide fame, teaching others his method. His influence on modern art, literature, and science is immeasurable, inspiring countless professionals.
While not all Freud's ideas are accepted today, his pioneering work paved the way for better understanding of the human psyche. Thanks to him and his followers, there is more hope for those once dismissed as 'crazy.'
中文翻译
大多数人晚上都会做梦。醒来时，他们可能会想：“多么奇怪的梦！是什么让我做了那个梦？”梦可能令人恐惧，可能实现愿望，也可能呈现一个混乱、颠倒的世界。在梦中，我们的行为和思维方式与清醒时截然不同。为什么梦如此奇特和陌生？它们从何而来？
西格蒙德·弗洛伊德提出了一个引人注目的答案。他认为梦源于我们既无法识别也无法控制的一部分心智，他称之为 无意识。
弗洛伊德大约出生在一个世纪前，一生大部分时间在奥地利维也纳度过，二战开始后不久在伦敦去世。他探索了人类的内心世界。他认为，无意识就像一个深井，储存着自出生以来的记忆和情感，这些已被我们的意识所遗忘。不愉快或不寻常的经历可能触发这些记忆，让我们重新体验童年的情感。
这一发现是理解人类行为的关键，因为无意识的力量与意识力量同样强大。有时我们行动却不知原因；理由可能深藏于我们的无意识之中。
弗洛伊德童年时对他人痛苦的关切使他走上了医学道路。虽然他学习了人体如何运作，但他对心智的好奇心与日俱增。他前往巴黎与沙可医生学习。当时，人们对精神疾病知之甚少；常将其归因于附体或神的惩罚，患者被与社会隔离。
当时的医生专注于可观察的身体部位，而非思想或梦境。很少有人像弗洛伊德一样对心智运作感兴趣，尽管他从沙可那里学到了很多。
1886年返回维也纳后，弗洛伊德专攻神经疾病。他结了婚，在家中接待了越来越多的病人，其中大多是焦虑、“心病”而非身病的女性。药物帮助不大，充满同情的弗洛伊德也感到无能为力。
转机出现在他的朋友约瑟夫·布洛伊尔博士描述的一种疗法：他让一位女孩自由地谈论自己，这改善了她的状况并唤起了童年记忆。弗洛伊德深受启发，采用了这种方法。他鼓励患者谈论早期童年事件和人际关系，静静地倾听他们因重温情感而颤抖，有时患者会将他视为父母或爱人。
例如，一位年轻女性尽管口渴却无法喝水。在弗洛伊德的引导下，她回忆起童年时看到一只狗从她讨厌的护士杯子里喝水的情景。在说出这段被压抑的记忆后，她的症状消失了。
弗洛伊德称此为“谈话疗法”，后来发展为精神分析。患者在自由倾诉烦恼后，常常感觉好转。
他的发现有时令人震惊。他发现幼童可能拥有强烈而矛盾的情感——例如一个男孩对母亲的爱伴随着对父亲的嫉妒，从而产生深深的羞耻。这种冲突的情感会淡入 无意识，并可能在烦乱的梦中重现。
弗洛伊德因提出童年经历可能导致失明或失语等症状而受到抨击。然而，许多人相信他找到了解锁心智秘密、帮助痛苦之人的方法。他闻名世界，并向他人传授他的方法。他对现代艺术、文学和科学的影响不可估量，激励了无数专业人士。
虽然并非弗洛伊德的所有观点都被今日接受，但他的开创性工作为更好地理解人类心理铺平了道路。多亏了他和他的追随者，那些曾被简单归为“疯子”的人如今有了更多希望。